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Precursors to communication
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Social
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- Visual contact
- Interaction
- Intentions to communicate
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Cognitive
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- Self-image
- Permanence of the object
- Categorization
- Purposeful use of objects
- Causality: causes/consequences
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Communicational
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- Imitation
- Nonverbal understanding (understanding that he or she must sit down, if one points at the chair)
- Nonverbal expression (facial expressions, gestures, pointing)
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RECEPTIVE PART
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Between 1 and 2 years old:
- Understands short instructions (e.g.: come eat, come take your bath)
- Understands several simple and practical words
- Understands the questions “where” and “who” in context
Between 2 and 3 years old:
- Understands 300 words at 2 years old
- Understands 1,500 words at 3 years old
- Understands simple instructions without gestures to help them understand
- Understands questions “where”, “with whom”, “with what”
Between 3 and 4 years old:
- Understands several questions (“why”, “what is”)
- Understands instructions with two or three elements, without context
- Understands stories
Between 4 and 5 years old:
- Understands more complex questions (“when”)
- Understands longer and more complex instructions
- Understands the notion of time (“after”, “before”, “later”)
- Understands the notion of space (“in the middle”, etc.)
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EXPRESSIVE PART
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Phonology
(sounds in words)
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All sounds aren't acquired at the same time!
- i, ou, a: 12 to 18 months old
- p, b, m, t, d, n: 12 to 18 months old
- k, g, l: 24 to 36 months old
- f, v, s, z: begins to pronounce them around 36 months old
- r, “ch”, “j”: 42 to 60 months old
- consonant groups (e.g.: br, tr, bl, yen, yea, wa): 42 to 60 months old
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Morphosyntax
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- Juxtaposition of words (two-word sentences): 18 to 24 months old
- Two to three-word sentences with errors: 18 to 24 months old
- Refers to himself or herself by his or her first name: 18-24 months old
- Refers to himself or herself as “me”: 24-32 months old
- Refers to himself or herself as “I”: 42-48 months old
- Uses the determiners (a, an), adjectives and prepositions: 32-36 months old
- Begins to use sentences with several words (3-5 words): 36-42 months old
- Uses the determiner (the), pronouns (he, she, I, you), possessive adjectives (my, your): 36-42 months old
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Content
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- First words: around 10-12 months old
- at 18 months old: 20 to 40 words
- at 24 months old: 100 words
- at 30 months old: 200 words
- at 36 months old: 300 words
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Use
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- Visual contact
- Interested in communication
- Rules of speech
- Speaks
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